A cikin 'yan shekarun nan, ƙungiyoyin bincike daban-daban da ƙwararru a cikin tsarin narkewar abinci sun fara dacewa da mafi kyawun abubuwan wannan wasanin gwada ilimi: daga rawar Metabolism ciwo, kiba da abinci...har da tasirin wasu magunguna da na micronutrients kamar potassium ko magnesiumKomai yana nuna hanya guda: magance hanta mai kitse ya haɗa da canza halaye na rayuwa da fahimtar menene abubuwan da ke tura hanta zuwa iyaka.
Menene hanta mai kitse kuma me yasa hakan damuwa?
Hanta wata mahimmanci ce mai mahimmanci wanda, ban da shiga cikin narkewa ta hanyar samar da bile, yana da alhakin. tsarkake jini, sarrafa abubuwan gina jiki, adana makamashi, da daidaita magunguna da barasaLokacin da triglycerides suka taru a cikin sel É—in ku sama da matakan al'ada, muna kiran shi steatosis na hanta ko hanta mai kitse.
Bisa ga bayanai daga Ƙungiyar Mutanen Espanya don Nazarin HantaWannan yanayin yana shafar kusan kashi 20 zuwa 25% na yawan jama'ar Spain. Yana iya fitowa a cikin masu shan barasa da kuma masu shayarwa da kyar, duk da cewa a zamanin yau abin da ya fi zama ruwan dare a cikin al’ummarmu shi ne... hanta mai kitse mara-giya, yana da alaƙa da alaƙa da wuce gona da iri, juriya na insulin da canje-canje a cikin lipids na jini.
Tarin kitse ba wani abu ba ne mara laifi: sashin jiki ya zama mai rauni ga haɓakawa. kumburi, hepatitis, fibrosis, cirrhosis, har ma da gazawar hanta ko ciwon dajiBabban matsalar ita ce, yayin da waɗannan canje-canje ke faruwa, mai haƙuri na iya jin daɗi sosai.
Shi ya sa da yawa kwararru magana game da m hanta a matsayin a cuta shiruBa tare da gwajin jini ko gwajin hoto ba, yawancin mutane ba su san cewa hanta ta fara wahala ba, kuma cutar ta kan zo a kaikaice, lokacin da aka yi gwajin jini na yau da kullun ko duban dan tayi saboda wani dalili.
Daga ciwo na rayuwa zuwa cututtukan hanta: haÉ—uwa da yawa
A cikin asibitocin gastroenterology a duk faɗin ƙasar, likitocin hanta suna lura da yanayin maimaitawa: marasa lafiya da kiba ko kiba, hawan jini, nau'in ciwon sukari na 2 ko Canje-canje a cikin cholesterol da triglycerides, wanda kuma a cikinsa an gano hanta mai kitse da yawa.
Wannan saitin abubuwan, wanda aka sani da metabolism ciwoYa yi tashin gwauron zabo a cikin 'yan shekarun nan. Kwararru irin su Dr. Juan Arenas, shugaban tsarin narkewar abinci a cibiyoyi masu zaman kansu a cikin Basque Country, yayi gargadin cewa wannan haɗin gwiwar gyare-gyare ba kawai yana ƙara haɗarin cututtukan zuciya ba, har ma yana aiki a matsayin ƙarfin motsa jiki a baya. Ciwon hanta mai haɗe da narkewa.
Abubuwan da ke ɗaukar mafi nauyi a cikin wannan tsari sune kiba, zaman zaman rayuwa da jure insulinA yawancin lokuta, wannan ya fi mahimmanci fiye da kwayoyin halitta. Kitse mai yawa, musamman a yankin ciki, yana haifar da hanta don karɓar nauyin kitse mai yawa da siginar hormonal waɗanda ke ƙarfafa ta ta tara lipids.
Idan kun ƙara zuwa abincin da ke da wadatar abubuwan sha, matsananci-aiki Kuma tare da kitse marasa lafiya, yanayin ya cika don hanta ta ƙara girma a hankali. A cikin wannan mahallin, masana sun dage cewa rage kiba, motsawa da yawa kuma daidaita abincin ku Su ne ginshiƙai na asali don rage jinkirin ci gaban cutar.
A cikin layi daya, zaɓuɓɓukan harhada magunguna suna fitowa don mutanen da ke da ci-gaban ciwon ƙwayar cuta. Daga cikin wadannan, sun yi fice: GLP-1 agonistsMagungunan da aka fara amfani da su a cikin ciwon sukari waɗanda ke sauƙaƙe asarar nauyi kuma sun nuna fa'idodi akan tarin kit ɗin hanta da kumburi, da sauran magungunan da ke ƙarƙashin bincike da nufin rage fibrosis.
Yadda hanta mai kitse ke ci gaba: daga sauƙi steatosis zuwa cirrhosis
Kwararru sun bayyana juyin halittar cutar hanta mai kitse a matakai daban-daban. A cikin matakan farko, idan an É—auki mataki akan lokaci, yawancin lalacewa ana hana su. mai yuwuwa mai yiwuwa ta hanyar sauye-sauyen rayuwa.
A cikin kashi na farkoA cikin wannan yanayin, wanda aka sani da sauƙi steatosis, mai yana tarawa a cikin sel, amma babu wani kumburi mai mahimmanci ko lalacewa. A wannan lokaci, rasa kitsen jiki da inganta abinci na iya daidaita yanayin.
Lokacin da kumburi ya kama, muna magana akan steatohepatitisNama ya fara nuna ƙarin lalacewar gani, kuma raunuka na salula sun bayyana. Idan tsarin ya ci gaba, wuraren da ba a sani ba suna haɓaka. fibrosisWato tabo wanda ke ɗaukar wurin lafiyayyen kyallen takarda.
A cikin ci-gaba lokaciTabo ya zama mai yawa kuma tsarin gine-ginen gabobin ya zama nakasa: wannan shine cirrhosis, matakin da ba zai iya jurewa ba wanda zai iya haifar da shi. gazawar hanta na ƙarshe ko ciwon hantaA wannan mataki, zaɓin magani kawai ga wasu marasa lafiya na iya zama dashi.
Kyakkyawan al'amari na wannan jerin shine, idan an tabbatar da ganewar asali a farkon matakan, shawarwari game da nauyi, motsa jiki, da abinci za a iya yin tasiri sosai. don hana fibrosis ci gaba kuma yana rage haÉ—arin rikitarwa na dogon lokaci.
Yadda ake gano shi: daga gwajin jini zuwa elastography
A cikin aikin asibiti, gargaɗin farko yakan zo ta hanyar gwajin jini wanda a cikinsa ya bayyana: haɓakar enzymes hantairin su alanine aminotransferase (ALT) ko aspartate aminotransferase (AST). Wannan canjin yana nuna cewa hanta ba ta aiki akai-akai.
Duk da haka, waɗannan sigogi ba koyaushe suna wakiltar ƙimar lalacewa daidai ba. Wasu mutanen da ke fama da cutar hanta mai kitse suna nan dabi'u kusa da al'adada wasu masu alkaluman da aka canza amma ba tare da lalacewar tsarin ba sosai. Don haka, ƙwararrun ƙwararru suna yin gwaje-gwajen hoto waɗanda ke taimakawa tace gano cutar.
La ciki duban dan tayi Ita ce kayan aiki da aka fi amfani da shi: yana ba likitoci damar ganin ko hanta ta shiga cikin kitse kuma don kawar da wasu raunuka. A cikin yanayin da ake buƙatar ƙarin fahimtar taurin gabobin, cibiyoyi kamar Asibitin Quirónsalud Campo de Gibraltar suna amfani da dabarun. Hanta elastography, kama da na'urar duban dan tayi amma wanda ke ƙara ƙaramar girgizawa zuwa fatar ciki.
Gudun da wannan igiyar ruwa ke yaduwa ta cikin nama yana da alaƙa da taurinsa: hanta mai tsanani, da sauri da igiyar ruwa ke tafiya, yana nuna mafi girman digiri na fibrosis. Wannan dabara ta zama kafa a matsayin a madadin mara cutarwa ga biopsy a cikin marasa lafiya da yawa, kamar yadda ba ya haifar da ciwo mai mahimmanci ko sakamako masu dacewa.
Kwayar cutar hanta, duk da kasancewa mafi haɗari, har yanzu ana la'akari da shi hanyar tunani Lokacin da akwai shakku na bincike ko kuma ya zama dole don ƙayyade matakin cutar daidai, sakamakon duk waɗannan gwaje-gwajen suna nuna wurin farawa don yanke shawarar tsarin kulawa.
Matsayin abinci da salon rayuwa a cikin sarrafa hanta mai kitse
Ƙungiyoyin ƙasa da ƙasa sun yarda cewa layin farko na maganin hanta ya kamata ya kasance wadanda ba pharmacologicalYawancin lokaci ana saita burin a asarar kusan 7-10% na nauyin jiki a cikin kiba ko masu kiba, saboda wannan raguwa yana da alaƙa da raguwar raguwar kitsen hanta kuma, a yawancin lokuta, tare da haɓakar kumburi.
Game da abinci mai gina jiki, ana ba da shawarar takamaiman hanya. rage cin abinci na Bahar Rumdaidaita adadin kuzari zuwa ainihin buƙatun. An ba da fifiko a kan iyakance kara fructose (yanzu a cikin abubuwan sha masu laushi da wasu samfuran masana'antu), kauce wa trans fats da ultra-processed abinci da kuma kara yawan amfani da sabobin abinci kamar kayan lambu, dukan 'ya'yan itatuwa, legumes, dukan hatsi, man zaitun, goro da kifi mai mai.
Masana abinci mai gina jiki na hanta sun ba da shawarar rage yawan adadin kuzari da kusan 25% ga mutane da yawa masu cutar hanta mai kitse, suna nufin asarar nauyi 5-10% a cikin matsakaici. Bugu da ƙari, an ba da shawarar kawar da ko rage yawan barasamusamman idan an riga an sami lalacewar hanta ko kuma idan wasu abubuwan haɗari sun kasance tare.
Motsa jiki wani bangare ne na jiyya. An ba da shawarar yin aiki aƙalla Minti 30-45 na matsakaicin aiki kullum, irin su tafiya cikin sauri, hawan keke ko iyo, haɗe tare da motsa jiki mai ƙarfi don kiyayewa ko ƙara yawan ƙwayar tsoka, mahimmin abu don inganta haɓakar insulin da kashe kuzari.
Duk wannan ya kamata a cika shi da isasshen hutu, kula da damuwa, da kuma bin diddigin likita na yau da kullun, kamar yadda hanta mai kitse sau da yawa yana haɗuwa tare da wasu cututtuka irin su. nau'in ciwon sukari na 2, hauhawar jini, ko dyslipidemia wanda kuma yana buƙatar kulawa ta musamman.
Magnesium: wani ma'adinai wanda zai iya taimakawa tare da hanta mai kitse
Tare da shawarwarin salon rayuwa na gabaɗaya, binciken kimiyya ya mayar da hankali kan wasu ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta waɗanda ke da yuwuwar daidaita metabolism. Daga cikinsu akwai... magnesio Ya fice saboda rawar da yake takawa a cikin fiye da halayen enzymatic 300 a cikin jiki, yawancin su suna da alaƙa da sarrafa glucose da lipids.
Magnesium yana da hannu a cikin tsarin tsarin insulin sensitivitya cikin samar da makamashi na salula kuma a cikin matakai masu kumburi da oxidative. Kula da isassun matakan da aka danganta da ƙananan haɗarin cutar cututtukan rayuwa, mafi kyawun sarrafa glycemic, da ingantaccen bayanin cholesterol da triglyceride.
Yawancin binciken da aka lura sun nuna cewa mutanen da ke da yawan abincin magnesium suna nunawa ƙananan abin da ya faru na hanta steatosis kuma mafi koshin lafiya sigogi na rayuwa. Kodayake waɗannan karatun ba su nuna alaƙa da alaƙa da tasiri da kansu ba, suna ba da shawarar cewa wannan ma'adinai na iya aiki azaman ƙarin ƙawance a cikin cikakkiyar hanya.
Binciken da aka buga a cikin endocrinology da mujallu na metabolism ya lura cewa yana ƙaruwa cin abinci na magnesium Yana da alaƙa da raguwa mai mahimmanci a cikin jimlar cholesterol da haɓakawa a cikin wasu alamomi waɗanda ke yin tasiri akan tara mai a cikin hanta. An kuma bayyana yiwuwar raguwar kumburin hanta a wasu ƙungiyoyin marasa lafiya.
Duk da haka, masana suna tunatar da mu cewa magnesium ba mafita ba ce kawai ko kuma maganin mu'ujiza. Tasirinsa na ainihi ya dogara ne akan haɗa shi tare da daidaitaccen abinci mai gina jiki, motsa jiki na yau da kullum, sarrafa nauyi, da kuma kula da sauran yanayin kiwon lafiya masu alaƙa.
Magnesium da potassium: hade mai ban sha'awa ga metabolism
Wasu bincike na baya-bayan nan sun yi nazari, ban da magnesium daban, tasirin haɗin gwiwar potassium da magnesium akan sigogi kamar nauyin jiki, rarraba mai ko kitse na jini, musamman a cikin mutanen da ke da matsalolin haƙurin glucose.
Wannan haɗin ma'adinai ya bayyana yana da alaƙa da inganta metabolism na lipid da sukarihaka kuma tare da rage kitsen jiki a wasu kungiyoyin marasa lafiya. Magnesium, a gefe guda, yana ba da gudummawa ga aikin da ya dace na insulin da ma'aunin oxidative; potassium, a gefe guda, yana hade da ƙananan ƙwayar jiki kuma yana taimakawa wajen adana ƙwayar tsoka.
Gwaje-gwaje na asibiti na ɗan gajeren lokaci sun kimanta tasirin abubuwan da ake amfani da su na magnesium da potassium a cikin mutanen da ke fama da cutar lipid. Wasu daga cikin waɗannan gwaji sun lura a gagarumin raguwa a cikin jimlar cholesterol a cikin ƙungiyoyin da suka karɓi ɗaya ko ɗaya ma'adinai, ko haɗuwarsu, suna nuna yiwuwar ƙarin fa'idar rayuwa.
Daga ra'ayi mai amfani, yana da ban sha'awa da yawa abincin yau da kullun Suna samar da adadi mai yawa na ma'adanai biyu a lokaci guda. Misali, dafaffen wake ko dankalin turawa gabaki daya yana dauke da adadi mai yawa na magnesium da potassium, haka yake ga shinkafa mai ruwan kasa, wasu legumes, kayan lambu, da 'ya'yan itatuwa.
Shawarwari na hukuma suna sanya bukatun magnesium a kusa 300-320 MG kowace rana a cikin mata manya da 400-420 MG a cikin mazaKoyaya, babban ɓangaren jama'a ba ya kai ga waɗannan alkaluman saboda ƙarancin amfani da sabbin kayan abinci na shuka da kuma kasancewar abinci mai sarrafa gaske a cikin abinci.
Abincin mai arziki a magnesium wanda ya dace da tsarin hanta
Hanya mafi aminci kuma mafi ɗorewa don ƙara yawan abincin magnesium shine ta hanyar abinci. Wannan tsarin ba wai kawai yana tallafawa lafiyar hanta ba har ma yana inganta lafiyar gaba ɗaya ta hanyar samar da fiber, antioxidants, da sauran micronutrients masu kariya.
Daga cikin manyan hanyoyin abinci na magnesium mun sami:
- Koren ganye irin su alayyahu, chard ko kale, wanda ke samar da magnesium, folates da mahadi na antioxidant.
- Don Allah irin su almonds, gyada ko pistachios, wadanda suma suna da wadataccen kitse da sinadarai masu lafiya.
- Legends irin su lentil, chickpeas ko wake, wanda ke hada magnesium da fiber da hadaddun carbohydrates.
- Tsaba kabewa, flax ko sesame tsaba, wanda aka mayar da hankali sosai a cikin ma'adanai da kuma mai kyau ingancin mai.
- Dukkanin hatsi irin su hatsi, shinkafa launin ruwan kasa ko quinoa, waɗanda ke riƙe da ƙwayar ƙwayar cuta da ƙwayar cuta, inda yawancin abubuwan gina jiki suka tattara.
Haɗa waɗannan sinadirai a ko'ina cikin yini-misali, ta ƙara goro da tsaba zuwa karin kumallo, legumes zuwa abincin rana, da gefen dukan hatsi ga abincin dare-zai iya muhimmanci ƙara magnesium ci ba tare da buƙatar kari a yawancin mutane ba.
Wasu misalan menu na yau da kullun masu daidaitawa tare da kula da hanta sun haÉ—a da abincin karin kumallo na oat tare da 'ya'yan itatuwa da tsaba; abinci tare da koren ganye salads, legumes da man zaitun; abun ciye-ciye na goro na halitta; da kuma abincin dare inda babban abin da ake amfani da shi shine haÉ—uwa da kayan lambu, kifi ko legumes da dukan hatsi.
Daidaitaccen ruwa yana taimakawa. Tabbas ruwan ma'adinai Suna ƙunshe da ƙananan adadin magnesium, wanda, wanda aka ƙara zuwa yawan abincin abinci, zai iya taimakawa wajen biyan bukatun yau da kullum.
A kowane hali, ƙwararrun masana sun nace cewa ana lura da ainihin amfanin magnesium akan hanta lokacin da aka haɗa shi cikin wani tsarin cin abinci lafiya na duniyakuma ba a matsayin keɓaɓɓen kashi a cikin abincin da ke kula da yawan adadin kuzari ko yalwar samfuran da aka sarrafa sosai ba.
Magungunan da zasu iya haifar da hanta mai kitse: sabon rarrabuwa daga Valencia
Ba duk lokuta na steatosis na hanta suna da alaƙa da abinci ko ciwo na rayuwa ba. Girman girma yana hade da amfani da wasu magunguna wanda, ta hanyar tsoma baki tare da metabolism na lipids na hanta, yana inganta tarin mai a cikin gabobin.
A tawagar daga Jami'ar Universitat de València da Cibiyar Nazarin Lafiya ta La Fe, wanda aka haɗa cikin CIBER na Cutar Hanta da Digestive, kwanan nan ya haɓaka. na farko na asibiti da na injina na magungunan da ke iya haifar da hanta mai kitse a cikin marasa lafiya da ke cinye su.
Wannan shawara, wanda aka buga a cikin mujallar Archives of Toxicology, ya yi cikakken bayani kan hanyoyin nazarin halittu da kwayoyin da waɗannan magungunan ke haifar da lalacewar hanta da kuma rarraba magungunan zuwa cikin. nau'i bakwai masu nau'ikan tsarin juyin halitta daban-dabanBakan ya bambanta daga sassauƙa da sauye-sauye masu canzawa zuwa yanayin kumburin kumburi ko rashin aiki mai tsanani na rayuwa, kamar lactic acidosis.
Masu binciken sun jaddada cewa, a wasu lokuta, waÉ—annan magunguna suna haifar da matsaloli ne kawai a cikin mutanen da suka riga sun kasance suna da yanayin da suka rigaya. m steatosisYayin da a wasu lokuta suna iya haifar da lalacewa ko da babu cutar da ta riga ta kasance. Ingantacciyar fahimtar kaddarorin sinadarai na physicochemical da tasirin su akan hanta yana ba mu damar hasashen haÉ—ari da tsara dabarun aminci.
Wannan aikin yana buɗe ƙofar zuwa a ƙarin keɓaɓɓen magani A cikin ilimin hanta: ta hanyar gano waɗanne halaye na miyagun ƙwayoyi ya sa ya zama mafi kusantar haifar da steatosis, ana iya inganta tsarin pharmacovigilance, marasa lafiya da abubuwan haɗari za a iya sa ido sosai, kuma, a cikin dogon lokaci, haɓaka kwayoyin halitta tare da ƙarancin tasirin hanta.
Za a iya haÉ—a rabe-raben da aka tsara a cikin jagororin asibiti kuma ya zama tallafi ga likitoci na fannoni daban-daban lokacin da suke rubuta jiyya a cikin mutanen da ke da kiba, ciwon sukari ko shan barasa, waÉ—anda ke da iyakacin amincin hanta ya fi kunkuntar.
Lokacin da za a yi la'akari da kari kuma lokacin da abinci kadai ya isa
Kodayake yawancin mutane na iya saduwa da shawarar da aka ba da shawarar magnesium ta hanyar cin abinci mai kyau, akwai yanayi wanda ƙwararren kiwon lafiya zai iya yin la'akari da kari. daidaikun kari, musamman a cikin mahallin hanta mai kitse da rikice-rikice na rayuwa.
Daga cikin abubuwan da za a iya la'akari da kari akwai mutane masu karancin kayan lambu, legumes ko goroMarasa lafiya da ke shan magunguna waɗanda ke haɓaka asarar magnesium ta hanyar fitsari, cututtukan narkewar abinci waɗanda ke hana ɗaukarsa, ko ƙarancin da aka nuna a cikin bincike tare da alamun da suka dace.
Duk da haka, bai kamata a taɓa yanke shawara da kanku ba. Babban allurai na magnesium a cikin nau'ikan allunan ko shirye-shiryen laxative na iya haifar da gudawa, rashin jin daɗi na narkewa har ma da yawan magnesium a cikin jini a cikin mutanen da ke fama da rashin aikin koda.
Bugu da ƙari kuma, wannan ma'adinai iya tsoma baki tare da shan wasu kwayoyi Idan an sha a lokaci guda, kamar tare da wasu maganin rigakafi ko magungunan thyroid, yana da mahimmanci a koyaushe ku sanar da likitan ku ko likitan magunguna game da duk wani kari da kuke amfani da shi a halin yanzu ko kuna shirin fara ɗauka.
A lokacin shawarwarin, ƙwararrun za su iya tantance girman lalacewar hanta, sake duba sauran magungunan, kimanta haɗarin-amfani da ƙarin kuma bayar da shawarar, idan ya dace, sinadarai nau'in magnesium, sashi da tsawon lokaci mafi dacewa ga kowane hali.
Muhimmancin ganewar asali da wuri da kuma bin likita
Ko da yake ciwon hanta mai kitse ba shi da asymptomatic a yawancin marasa lafiya, akwai alamun da yakamata su kai ga yi alƙawari da likita: matsananciyar kasala, rashin jin daɗi ko jin zafi a gefen dama na ciki, launin rawaya na fata ko idanu, kumburin ƙafafu ko ciki, ko maimaita hanta a cikin gwajin jini.
Kwararrun kulawa na farko yawanci shine wurin tuntuɓar farko. Bayan a kimantawa na asibiti da kuma nazarin abubuwan haɗari (nauyi, kewayen ciki, hawan jini, glucose, bayanin martaba na lipid), na iya buƙatar ƙarin gwaje-gwaje kuma, idan ya cancanta, koma zuwa sabis na narkewa ko hepatology.
Shawarar ƙwararrun za ta ayyana mafi daidai matakin steatosis da fibrosisZa a sake nazarin magani don gano duk wani magungunan prosteatogenic, kuma za a kafa takamaiman nauyi, abinci, da burin motsa jiki. A cikin majinyata masu haɗari mafi girma, za a ƙara sa ido don gano duk wani ci gaba zuwa matakan ci gaba da wuri.
Yana da daraja tunawa cewa mafi yawan gwaje-gwajen sinadarai na yau da kullun Za su iya kasancewa cikin iyakoki na al'ada har zuwa ƙarshen matakan cutar, don haka dogaro kawai da "sakamakon gwaji yana da kyau" ba koyaushe ya isa ba. Don haka mahimmancin ƙima mai mahimmanci wanda ya haɗa da tarihin likita, nazarin jiki, da kuma, lokacin da aka nuna, fasahar hoto.
HaÉ—a duk waÉ—annan abubuwan - halaye na rayuwa, abubuwan gina jiki kamar magnesium, sarrafa nauyi, sarrafa magunguna, da kulawar likita - yana ba da mafi kyawun hanya don kare hanta A cikin dogon lokaci, ciwon hanta mai kitse ba ya dogara da dalili guda É—aya kuma ba a warware shi da ma'auni guda É—aya, amma idan an magance shi da wuri kuma ta kusurwoyi da yawa, ana iya rage shi har ma da juyawa a cikin mutane da yawa, yana rage haÉ—arin haÉ—ari masu tsanani.
