ganowa Zazzabin aladu na Afirka (ASF) a cikin boar daji da yawa a cikin tsaunukan CollserolaLamarin, wanda ke faruwa a kusa da Jami'ar Autonomous ta Barcelona (UAB), ya sanya kararrawa a cikin sashin naman alade na Spain. Ya kunshi... na farko da aka tabbatar da bullar cutar a Spain tun watan Nuwamba 1994, bayan kusan shekaru 30 da suka gabata kasar ta ci gaba da zamanta babu cutar.
Hukumomi sun dage da cewa Babu haÉ—ari ga lafiyar É—an adamBa a kamuwa da zazzabin aladu na Afirka (ASF) ga mutane ta hanyar hulÉ—a da dabbobi ko ta hanyar cin nama ko nama. Duk da haka, tasirin tattalin arziki da lafiya a kan alade na gida da namun daji na Turai Yana iya zama babba, don haka an kunna duk ka'idojin gaggawa nan da nan.
Yadda aka gano barkewar cutar da kuma abin da aka sani game da asalinta
Hukumar kula da dabbobi ta Generalitat ta sanar da ma’aikatar noma, kifi da abinci (MAPA) cewa An gano matattun namun daji biyu a ranakun 25 da 26 ga watan Nuwamba. a kusa da harabar UAB ta Bellaterra, a cikin gundumar Cerdanyola del Valles (Barcelona). Dabbobin, samu a kusan kilomita dayaSun gwada ingancin kwayar cutar ASF bayan gwaje-gwajen da aka yi Cibiyar Nazarin Dabbobi ta Tsakiya ta Algete (Madrid).
A cikin kwanaki masu zuwa. Akalla wasu matattun namun daji guda hudu an gano su a yankin Collserola guda.Wannan ya kawo adadin wadanda ake zargi ko tabbatar da kamuwa da cutar zuwa shida. Gwaje-gwajen farko da aka gudanar a dakunan gwaje-gwaje na Catalan suna nuni da cutar iri ɗaya, yayin da ake jiran tabbacin ƙarshe daga dakin gwaje-gwaje na ƙasa.
Masana kiwon lafiyar dabbobi daga cibiyoyi kamar Maggot (Cibiyar Nazarin Kiwon Lafiyar Dabbobi) yanzu suna aiki akan jerin ƙwayoyin cuta domin sanin ko wane zuri'a yake da kuma inda zai iya fitowa. Daya daga cikin hasashe akan tebur shine cewa Asalin yana da alaƙa da gurɓatattun ragowar da babbar hanyar AP-7 ke ɗauka.ko dai ta hanyar sharar abinci da aka watsar a wuraren hidima ko kuma kayan da aka makala a motocin da suka ratsa yankunan da abin ya shafa a wasu kasashen Turai.
A cewar masana, yana da "mai yiwuwa" cewa ragowar nama ko naman alade mai cutar Mai yiyuwa ne boors na daji sun sarrafa ko sun cinye shi a cikin Collserola, yana aiki azaman hanyar shiga ga zazzabin aladu na Afirka (ASF) a yankin. Wannan, a kowane hali, hasashe ne da ake gudanar da bincike, don haka hukumomi suna yin kira da a yi taka tsantsan har sai an sami cikakken sakamakon jerin gwano da nazarin cututtukan cututtuka.
Mummunan cutar dabbobi, amma wanda ba a yada shi ga mutane.
Kodayake sunan na iya zama mai ban tsoro, PPA shine a cutar dabbobi kawaiYana shafar aladu na gida, namun daji na Turai da warthogs na Afirka, amma ba zoonosis ba neMutane ba za su iya kamuwa da cutar ba, ko dai ta hanyar taɓa dabbobi ko kuma ta hanyar cinye kayayyakin da aka samo daga gare su.
Tarayyar Turai ta rarraba ASF a matsayin category A cutawanda ke nuna cewa Membobin Kasashe sun wajaba yi amfani da tsauraran matakan sarrafawa da kawarwa daga lokacin da aka gano barkewar cutar. Babu maganin rigakafi na kasuwanci wanda ke ba da damar rigakafin jama'a, kuma Mafi yawan ƙwayoyin cuta suna haifar da mace-mace da rashin lafiya wanda zai iya kusantar 100% a cikin gonar alade..
Kwararrun likitocin dabbobi, kamar Christian de la Fe, farfesa a Jami'ar MurciaSun lura cewa tasirin ya dogara da bambance-bambancen ƙwayoyin cuta da yanayin dabbobi, amma suna jaddada hakan Mummunan yuwuwar cutar kanjamau ga alade yana da yawa sosaiYaduwar yana faruwa musamman ta hanyar hulɗa kai tsaye tsakanin masu kamuwa da dabbobi masu lafiya ko ta fallasa ga gurbataccen abu (Ragowar halittu, Tufafi, Takalmi, Motoci, Abincin da ba a kula da su ba ko samfuran da ba a kula da su ba).
Ƙungiyoyin sassan, kamar ƙungiyar masu sana'a Interporc ko kuma ƙungiyar ma'aikata Interporc farin gashiSuna so su jaddada mahimmin saƙo: Babu haɗari ga amincin abinci ko lafiyar ɗan adamA cikin bayanin nasu, sun dage cewa wannan matsala ce ta lafiyar dabbobi da kasuwanci, amma ba barazana ce ga masu amfani da ita ba.
Zazzabin aladu na Turai da Afirka: matsalar da ta yadu tun 2014
Zazzabin aladu na Afirka (ASF) ya samo asali ne a cikin Sub-saharan afirkaAmma ya fara bazuwa a wajen waccan nahiya tun daga 2007 zuwa gaba, lokacin da aka gano kararraki barkewar cutar a Jojiya, daga baya, a Rasha da ChinaA cikin 2014, ya yi tsalle zuwa gabashin Tarayyar Turai ta hanyar Kasashen Baltic da Poland, haifar da gagarumin rawar jiki a kasuwannin alade na duniya.
Tun daga wannan lokacin, kwayar cutar ta yadu a cikin nahiyar da kuma a halin yanzu Yana rinjayar yawan boar daji da, a wasu lokuta, gonakin alade na gida. a Akalla Membobi 13: Italiya, Jamus, Poland, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Slovakia, Jamhuriyar Czech, Hungary, Girka, Romania, Bulgaria da Croatia. A lokaci daya, Belgium, Sweden, da Jamhuriyar Czech da kanta Sun yi nasarar kawar da cutar bayan barkewar cutar sankarau tsauraran matakan kula da namun daji.
Shari'ar Alemania Ya kasance mai mahimmanci musamman: ƙasar, wacce ita ce mafi yawan masu samar da naman alade a Turai, ta yi rajistar lokuta na farko masu inganci a cikin 2020, kuma a cikin boren daji. Sauran jihohin, kamar Denmark da Jamus kantaSuka yi nasarar dagawa kilomita da kilomita na shinge a yankunan kan iyaka da dazuzzuka don ƙoƙarin hana motsin dabbobin da suka kamu da cutar.
Bisa ga bayanan baya-bayan nan daga Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya (WHO)Tun daga Janairu 2022, ASF ta haifar da mutuwar kusan aladu miliyan 2,2 a cikin ƙasashe da yankuna na 69Turai na ɗaya daga cikin nahiyoyin da aka fi fama da cutar: an ba da rahoton buƙatun Fiye da barkewar cutar 5.200 a cikin aladu na gida (kusan dabbobi 642.000) kuma kusa da 25.000 hotspots a cikin daji boars, wanda ya haifar da asarar kewaye aladu miliyan 1,5 cikin kasa da shekaru uku.
A wannan mahallin, Spain ta yi nasarar ficewa daga ciki. na cutar tun 1994, halin yanzu ya katse sakamakon barkewar cutar da aka gano a Collserola. Ana É—aukar lamarin a "Kutsawa É—aya ta hanyar tsalle mai nisa"Kwatankwacin abin da aka riga aka samu a Belgium ko a yankunan kusa da Rome a cikin 2022, wanda ke haifar da begen samun damar. don shawo kan cutar tare da kawar da cutar ba tare da isa gonakin aladu ba.
Kare yanki: kewayen tsaro sau biyu a Collserola
Da zarar an tabbatar da ingantaccen lamuran farko, Generalitat ya kunna shirin gaggawa na zazzabin aladu na Afirkaka'idar da ke kunna kai tsaye da zarar an tabbatar da shari'ar a cikin dabbobin daji ko na gida. Babban bangaren wannan tsarin shine ƙirƙirar a kewaye biyu na sarrafawa kusa da inda dabbobin da suka kamu da cutar suka bayyana.
A gefe guda, a tsakiya ko yankin kamuwa da cuta tare da radius na kilomita 6 kewayen yankin, wanda ya shafi gundumomi goma sha biyu a Vallès da kuma babban birnin Barcelona: Sabadell, Sant Quirze del Vallès, Polinyà , Santa Perpètua de Mogoda, Montcada i Reixac, Ripollet, Barberà del Vallès, Badia del Vallès, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Sant Cugat del Vallès, Terrassa da RubÃA wannan yanki, an zartar da waÉ—annan abubuwa: jimlar rufe damar zuwa yanayin yanayi.
A cikin wannan yanki mai mahimmanci, An dakatar da duk ayyukan farauta da aikin gandun daji.kuma duk wani aiki a karkarar da ba shi da mahimmanci an haramta shi. Ana ci gaba da shigarwa. shingen jiki da sinadarai, tarko don sarrafa boren daji da wuraren kashe kwayoyin cuta, da nufin rage zirga-zirgar dabbobi da mutane wadanda za su iya saukaka yaduwar cutar.
Belt na biyu shine a yankin sa ido mai nisan kilomita 20wanda ya shafi kusan Kananan hukumomi 64 kuma sun kai jimlar kananan hukumomi 76 da wasu takunkumin ya shafaWannan kewayen ya ƙunshi babban ɓangaren abubuwan Dutsen Collserola har ma da sassan kan iyakar birnin Barcelona. nan Ayyukan nishaɗin waje suna da iyakada kuma wadanda ke da alaka da bambancin halittu ko kula da muhalli wanda zai iya tsoma baki cikin ayyukan sarrafawa da kama namun daji.
A cikin kwanakin farko, Ma'aikatan karkara, Mossos d'Esquadra, Seprona, 'yan sanda na gida da masu fasaha daga Sashen Noma Sun tura wani babban aiki zuwa saka idanu wuraren samun damar shiga, bincika gawar boar daji sosai da kuma tabbatar da cewa an cika hani. A aikace, yawancin Collserola Natural Park an rufe shi zuwa ayyukan nishaÉ—i, gami da hanyoyin kekuna, shirya balaguron balaguro da wuraren fiki.
Littafin aikace-aikacen aiki akan ASF shima ya haɗa da haramcin farauta a duk yankin da cutar ta bullaWannan shi ne daidai don hana matsin farauta daga haifar da motsi na kwatsam na daji zuwa wuraren da babu cuta. Bugu da kari, ƙarfafa m sa ido (wuri da nazarin dabbobin da suka mutu ko waɗanda ke da alamun da suka dace) da kuma taurin matakan tsaro na rayuwa a cikin gonakin alade da ke kusa.
Tasiri kan gonakin alade da kare lafiyar halittu
Bayan namun daji, daya daga cikin manyan damuwa shine hadarin kamuwa da cutar shiga gonakin aladu na gidaA yanzu dai hukumomi sun jaddada hakan Ba a gano wasu kararraki masu inganci a gonaki baamma a na'urar sarrafawa mai yawa kewaye da mayar da hankali.
MAPA da Generalitat sun ayyana a a cikin nisan kilomita 20 wanda aka ƙirƙira duk gonakin aladuA wannan yanki, an gano waɗannan abubuwan 39 noman noma da kiwo, na wane 5 suna cikin nisan kilomita 10 na farko daga tsakiyar mayar da hankali da sauransu 34 tsakanin kilomita 10 zuwa 20A cikin dukkan su Sun takaita zirga-zirgar dabbobi da kayayyaki a ciki da waje.kuma an kunna ƙungiyoyi don aiwatarwa gwaje-gwaje na asibiti, tarin samfurin da bincike na annoba.
A aikace, wannan yana nufin haka Ana ajiye aladu a cikin yanki mai kariya na akalla watanni da yawa.kuma ana iya ganin cewa Lokacin ƙuntatawa na iya ɗaukar kusan shekara gudala'akari da cewa wannan shine mafi ƙarancin lokacin da dokokin ƙasa da ƙasa ke buƙata don dawo da matsayin 'yantar da ASF da zarar an shawo kan barkewar cutar.
Mai sana'a Interporc ya gane cewa Gonakin da ke tsakanin nisan kilomita 20 za su ga ayyukansu na yau da kullun da iyakaduka a cikin motsin dabbobi da kuma cikin ayyukansu na kasuwanci. Duk da haka, sun jaddada cewa farkon gano barkewar cutar a cikin kurjin daji ya nuna babban matakin kula da lafiya da kula da tsarin Mutanen Espanya da kuma daidaitawa tsakanin gwamnatoci don kunna shirin gaggawa ba tare da bata lokaci ba.
Kungiyoyin noma irin su Unió de Pagesos (UP) Su kuma a nasu bangaren, sun bukaci ma’aikatar da ta Generalitat su gaggauta daukar mataki amma kuma daidaito a cikin ƙuntatawa kasuwancidon kauce wa ƙarin lalacewar tattalin arziki wanda ba ya samar da fa'idodin kiwon lafiya. Haka kuma, sun jaddada cewa a saurin hana barkewar cutar Yana da mahimmanci don kare dukkanin sassan noman alade da kuma hana yawan kashe dabbobi idan kwayar cutar ta isa gonaki.
Busa zuwa fitarwa: katange takaddun shaida da yanki
Bayyanar ko da fashewa guda ɗaya na zazzabin aladu na Afirka (ASF) yana da sakamako nan da nan ga kasuwancin naman alade da naman alade. Shi kansa ministan noma. Luis Planas, ya gane cewa Aƙalla kashi ɗaya bisa uku na fitar da naman alade na Spain an riga an shafa su saboda toshewa ko sake dubawa na takaddun lafiya.
Bisa ga bayanan da MAPA ta bayar, An toshe kusan takaddun lafiya 120 na kiwon lafiya zuwa ketare. dangane da daban-daban kayayyakin alade, da nufin game da Kasashe 40 na ukuDaga cikin wuraren da suka dakatar ko duba shigo da su akwai Rasha, Brazil, Kanada, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, Ecuador, Amurka, Philippines, Japan, Mexico, Peru, Afirka ta Kudu, Thailand, Uruguay da Venezuela, da sauransu.
Gwamnati ta amince da hakan Kasar Spain ta rasa matsayinta na dan wani lokaci a matsayin kasar da ba ta da zazzabin aladu (ASF) tare da Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya (WHO).Wannan yana buƙatar sake duba duk takaddun shaida waɗanda suka haɗa da wannan buƙatun lafiya a sarari. Ga kasuwannin da suka yarda da yankin yanki (wato yuwuwar kayyade veto kawai ga yanki ko lardin da abin ya shafa, ba ga kasar baki daya ba), masu aiki za su samar da su. ƙarin garantin asali da ganowa yayin da lamarin ya dore.
Da rawar Sin Yana da mahimmanci musamman a cikin wannan yanayin. Kasar Asiya ita ce babban mai siyar da kayayyakin alade na Spain: a cikin shekarar da ta gabata an shigo da shi daga waje 545.000 ton na naman alade daga Spain, don kimanin ƙimar 1.100 miliyan kudin Tarayyar TuraiBugu da ƙari, siffa ta musamman na wannan kasuwa ita ce ta samu, har zuwa babba, yankewa da samfurori tare da ƙananan tallace-tallace a wasu wurare (kasusuwa, viscera, tracheas, offal…), wanda ke ba da damar ɓangaren Mutanen Espanya don inganta iyakokinta da yin amfani da gawa.
Yarjejeniyar lafiya da ta yi da Beijing ta kuma hada da yanki, ta yadda Kasar Sin za ta hana shigo da kayayyakin alade ne kawai daga lardin BarcelonaYayin da sauran lardunan Catalan da Spain za su iya ci gaba da fitar da kayayyaki. Duk da haka, kasar ta riga ta yanke shawara dakatar da siyan wasu abubuwa, kamar casings na calibration daga ko'ina cikin Spain, yayin da ake jiran ingantacciyar ma'anar iyakar barkewar cutar.
A cikin sharuddan duniya, kasuwancin waje na naman alade na Spain yana kusa Yuro miliyan 8.800 a kowace shekara, wanda kusan Ana fitar da biliyan 5.100 a cikin EU (inda, a yanzu, gano barkewar cutar a Barcelona bai haifar da kulle-kulle gabaɗaya ba) da sauransu Biliyan 3.700 ana tura su zuwa kasashe na ukuA cikin wannan toshe na ƙarshe ne inda akwai rashin tabbas na ɗan gajeren lokaci.
Halin siyasa da damuwa a cikin sashin naman alade
Bayan an gano barkewar cutar, Minista LuÃs Planas ya yi taron manema labarai don neman "kwantar da hankali, hankali da alhaki" da kuma tabbatar da cewa gwamnati za ta yi aiki don iyakance tasirin tattalin arziki kamar yadda zai yiwuYa kuma lura cewa, bisa ga ka'idojin kasa da kasa. AÆ™alla shekara É—aya dole ne ya wuce tun shari'ar Æ™arshe kafin wata Æ™asa ta sake ayyana kanta daga ASF., kamar yadda ya faru a cikin al'amuran baya a Belgium ko a wasu sassan Italiya.
Daga Generalitat, ministan noma, kiwo, kifi da abinci, Daga Ordeig, ya yarda cewa Tasirin tasiri a kan sashin alade na Catalan yana da mahimmanci.musamman ma idan an tsawaita rufe fitar da kayayyaki zuwa kasashen da ba na EU ba. Duk da haka, ya so ya jaddada cewa Gonakin Catalan suna cikin mafi zamani kuma mafi aminci a Turai, tare da manyan ka'idojin kare halittu waÉ—anda yakamata su taimaka don kiyaye barkewar cutar a cikin namun daji.
Generalitat ya kiyasta cewa kimanin masana'antar sarrafa nama 14 a lardin Barcelona Takunkumin da kasuwanni kamar China za su iya shafa su, kuma ku tuna da hakan Alade yana da kusan 19,3% na duk fitar da abinci da abin sha daga Catalonia. A wannan ma'anar, da Makonni masu zuwa za su zama mabuɗin duka don shawo kan barkewar da kuma sake yin shawarwari tare da abokan ciniki waɗanda suka zaɓi toshe shigo da su na ɗan lokaci.
Daga cikin sashin, kira ga haɗin gwiwar yana ƙaruwa. Interporc Ya jaddada cewa gonakin Mutanen Espanya sun riga sun yi aiki tare da tsauraran tsare-tsaren kare lafiyar halittuyayin da sauran kungiyoyi, kamar su Ƙungiyar farauta ta Sipaniya (RFEC)Suna tunatar da mafarauta muhimmancin amfani da ƙa'idodin tsafta: yadda ya kamata na sarrafa sassa, daidaitaccen sarrafa samfuran, lalata motoci da kayan aiki, da sarrafa zubar da sharar halittu.
Kungiyar noma kuma Ƙungiyar Ƙungiyoyi nace cewa lokaci yayi matsakaicin haɗin gwiwa tsakanin gwamnatoci, yanki da ƴan ƙasa don cimma nasarar kawar da sauri. Sun dade suna nema mafi girma iko da namun dajisaboda cututtuka da yawa, ciki har da zazzabin aladu na Afirka, suna samun tafki a cikin daji wanda ke dagula kawar da su.
Nasiha ga jama'a da rawar da namun daji ke takawa
Dangane da rufe hanyoyi da wuraren halitta a Collserola da Vallès, Generalitat ya yi kira ga alhakin jama'aSakon a bayyane yake: guji shiga wuraren da aka iyakance da kuma mutunta duk umarnin ƙungiyoyin da ke kula da su don kada su yarda da yaduwar cutar.
Daga cikin shawarwarin da aka bai wa kananan hukumomin da abin ya shafa akwai ga dukkan alamu masu sauki amma muhimman matakai kamar ƙarfafa tsaftacewa na sharar gida da kwantenaƙaura masu ciyar da cat a wurare masu tsayi kuma ya gargadi jama'a cewa An haramta ciyar da boar daji sosai.Saƙon a bayyane yake: ƙarancin abubuwan ƙarfafawa da waɗannan dabbobin ke da su don kusanci wuraren birni, rage haɗarin hulɗa da mutane, sharar gida, ko yuwuwar gurɓataccen abu.
Hukumomin kuma sun dage cewa idan wani ya samu matattu ko a fili mara lafiya a cikin yankin sa ido ko a kowane yanki na yanki, Kada ku taɓa shi a kowane hali.Umarnin shine a kira wayar 112 ta yadda ma'aikatan da suka cancanta zasu iya daukar nauyin dabbar kuma, idan ya cancanta, canza shi zuwa dakunan gwaje-gwajen bincike.
Kwararru a fannin sarrafa namun daji, irin su masanin halittu Karme RosellSuna jaddada cewa, kwarewar wasu kasashe na nuna hakan Yana yiwuwa a sarrafa fashewa a cikin boren daji ba tare da kai ga yawan alade ba.matukar dai an dauki matakin gaggawa tare da takaita zirga-zirgar dabbobi da mutanen yankin da abin ya shafa gwargwadon iko. Suna kuma tunatar da mu cewa Kwayar cutar na iya tafiya a kan tafin takalmi, keken keke, ko kuma kashin abin hawa. idan sun yi mu'amala da gurbacewar halittu.
Saboda haka, matakan da ke cikin Collserola sun haɗa da m neman gawawwaki a cikin core yankunan, shigarwa na zaɓaɓɓun tarkunada kuma Kariyar kewaye tare da maki disinfection da shinge na jikiBabban makasudin shine a hana zazzabin aladu na Afirka (ASF) daga samun hanyoyi masu sauƙi don tsalle daga boar daji a cikin wurin shakatawa zuwa sauran namun daji ko gonakin alade na gida.
Yayin da wannan tsari ya kasance a wurin, Generalitat ya kira tarurruka na gaggawa tare da masu unguwanni, majalisar lardin Barcelona, ​​kananan hukumomi da kuma kula da filin shakatawa na Collserola.don daidaita ayyuka da tabbatar da cewa bayanai sun isa ga jama'a a sarari. Hukumomin kuma sun jaddada bukatar hakan kawai tuntuɓi majiyoyin hukuma don sanar da jama'a game da bullar annobar da kuma gujewa yada labaran karya a shafukan sada zumunta.
Cutar zazzabin aladu ta sake bullowa a yankin Kataloniya, bayan shafe kusan shekaru talatin ba tare da kasar Spain ba. Wannan yana wakiltar gargaɗi mai tsanani ga dukan sashin noman alade da kuma kula da namun daji a Turai.Ko da yake cutar ba ta da tasiri kai tsaye ga lafiyar ɗan adam, tana shafar makomar dubban gonaki, tana gwada tsarin kare halittu, kuma tana buƙatar sa ido akai-akai game da motsin dabbobi da samfuran. Makonni masu zuwa za su kasance masu mahimmanci wajen tantance ko barkewar cutar a Collserola ta kasance a cikin borkonon gandun daji ko kuma yana bukatar kara kokarin kare daya daga cikin ginshikan samar da kayan abinci na Spain.