Karancin wasu magungunan dabbobi ya kasance shiru amma matsala ta gaske a Spain da sauran kasashen Turai. A cikin nau'ikan dabbobi da yawa, daga dabbobi, dabbobi, da namun dajiAkwai cututtuka waɗanda har yanzu babu isassun magani mai izini ko, a sauƙaƙe, wadatar ba ta isa ba.
Don kawo tsari ga wannan yanayin da saita fifiko ga masana'antu, Hukumar Kula da Magunguna da Kayayyakin Lafiya ta Spain (AEMPS) ya fitar da sabon rahoton shekara-shekara na Kwamitin Samar da Magungunan Dabbobi (Veterinary Medicines)CODI-VET), wanda ke ƙara zuwa wasu ayyuka akan samun dama da amincin magungunaWannan daftarin aiki a tsanake yana duban therapeutic gibba a cikin magungunan dabbobi da sauran bukatu na gaggawa, don inganta bincike, haɓakawa da tallata sabbin kayayyaki waɗanda ke cike waɗannan giɓi.
Cikakken taswirar gibin warkewa ta nau'in dabba
Rahoton CODI-VET bai tsaya kan gabaɗaya ba, sai dai ya ruguza gazawar manyan ƙungiyoyin dabbobi. Rarraba ya rufe karnuka, kuliyoyi da zomaye kamar dabbobi, kuma ya ci gaba da kiwon zuma, kiwo, tsuntsaye, dawa, aladu, shanu, dawakai da nau'in daji. Wannan tsarin yana ba da damar tantance daidaitattun wuraren da aka fi iyakance wadatar magunguna.
Babban manufar ita ce masana'antar don samun cikakken hoto na prophylactic, warkewa, hormonal da buƙatun bincike har yanzu ba a rufe ba. Dangane da wannan bayanin, manufar ita ce dakunan gwaje-gwaje su ba da fifikon layin aiki inda tasirin kiwon lafiya ya yi yawa, amma kasuwa ba ta da yawa ko kuma mai rikitarwa, don haka saka hannun jari ba a bayyane yake ba tare da jagorar farko ba, musamman idan abubuwa kamar su. farashin tunani suna daidaita kasuwa.
Takardun, ana samun damar jama'a ta hanyar gidan yanar gizon AEMPS, ya zama kayan aikin gudanarwa, ƙwararrun likitocin dabbobi da kamfanoni, yayin da yake taƙaita komai a cikin rubutu ɗaya. babban karancin magungunan dabbobi ta nau'in da nau'in pathology.
Dabbobin gida: karnuka da kuliyoyi suna fuskantar rashin wadataccen wadata har yanzu
A cikin sashin da aka keɓe don dabbobin abokan, CODI-VET ya lura cewa Karnuka da kuliyoyi Har yanzu suna buƙatar ɗimbin magunguna masu mahimmanci waɗanda a halin yanzu babu su a cikin abubuwan da suka dace ko don alamun da ake buƙata. Waɗannan ba samfuran na musamman ne kawai ba, amma magungunan da ake amfani da su yau da kullun a aikin likitan dabbobi.
Daga cikin manyan kurakuran, rahoton ya ambaci rashin tabbas Magungunan ophthalmic, antivirals, da magungunan anti-inflammatory marasa steroidal (NSAIDs)haka kuma da karancin maganin kashe kwayoyin cuta don amfani a cikin jijiya da kuma abubuwan gano cutar da suka dace da wadannan nau'ikan. Waɗannan giɓi suna rikitar da kula da cututtukan gama gari, daga cututtukan ido na yau da kullun zuwa hadaddun hanyoyin numfashi ko tsarin narkewa.
Halin da ake ciki a cikin ilimin cututtukan dabbobi yana da mahimmanci musamman. CODI-VET yana nuna buƙatu takamaiman antineoplastics don amfani na baka, subcutaneous da kuma amfani da jijiyaRashin zaɓuɓɓukan rajista sau da yawa yana tilasta mana yin amfani da gyare-gyaren magunguna don amfanin ɗan adam, tare da ƙalubalen da wannan ya ƙunsa dangane da aminci, adadin kuzari da alhakin doka.
Rahoton ya kuma nuna gazawa a ciki magungunan psychotropic da aka yi nufi don kula da tsoro da damuwaMagunguna masu ƙarfi masu ƙarfi, magungunan asthmatic, da magungunan cututtukan zuciya don yanayi na yau da kullun. Ga likitocin dabbobi na asibiti, wannan yana wakiltar iyakacin iyaka na motsa jiki, musamman a cikin marasa lafiya tare da cututtuka ko waɗanda ke buƙatar magani na dogon lokaci.
Noman zomo, kiwon zuma da kiwo: sassan da manyan gibi
A fagen noman zomo da kuma kula da dabbobin dabbaRahoton ya nuna rashin kasancewar wasu magungunan kashe qwari da aka yi la'akari da mahimmanci, kamar wasu penicillins masu dogon aiki ko wasu macrolides. Wannan yanayin yana da yawa da rashin na ciki da na waje antiparasitics musamman dace da nau'in, kazalika da alluran rigakafin cututtuka masu mahimmanci irin su coccidiosis ko zomo epizootic enteropathy.
Game da kiwon zumaCODI-VET yana sake mai da hankali kan ƙarancin hanyoyin warkewa zuwa Mai lalata VarroaKwayoyin cuta sun kasance daya daga cikin manyan makiyan kudan zuma, kuma rahoton ya yi la'akari da samuwar sabbin sinadaran da ke ba da fifiko ga [kwayoyin cuta]. Juya jiyya kuma rage haɗarin juriyaAn kuma gano gibi a cikin magunguna don yaƙi Nosema spp., Paenibacillus larvae da wasu ƙwayoyin cuta da ke shafar kudan zuma.
La samar da ruwa Ya bayyana, kuma, a matsayin É—aya daga cikin sassan da aka fi bayyana rashi na warkewa. Takardar ta bayyana rashin ingantattun magungunan antiparasitic akan protozoa, monogeneans, da arthropods a cikin kifi, da kuma karancin magungunan kashe kwayoyin cuta masu dacewa da nau'ikan magunguna waÉ—anda suka dace da yanayin gona (misali, premixes, wanka ko jiyya na nutsewa).
Bugu da ƙari, ana jaddada gaggawar samun samuwa. alluran rigakafin cututtuka masu tasowa a cikin nau'in ruwa da ruwa mai dadi, ambaton wakilai irin su Aeromonas salmonicidanodavirus Flavobacterium psychrophilum o Tenacibaculum spp.Rashin wadannan kwayoyin halitta ba kawai yana shafar jin dadin kifi ba, har ma da dorewar tattalin arziki na gonaki da rage amfani da kwayoyin cutar.
Kaji, shanu, alade da kananan dabbobin daji: mahimman bukatu a cikin samar da dabbobi
A cikin babin sadaukarwa ga kwanciya kajiRahoton ya bayyana samar da sabbin magungunan kashe kwayoyin cutar kanjamau a matsayin fifiko, kwaro da ke haifar da babbar asara da matsalolin jin dadi. Yana kuma kira ga... Maganin alamun bayyanar cututtuka na asalin shuka ba don yanayin numfashida kuma alluran rigakafin cutar kwayan cuta da na ciki da ke ci gaba da haifar da barkewar annoba a gonaki.
Ga kajiCODI-VET ta gano binciken maganin rigakafi akan cututtuka irin su pasteurellosis, salmonellosis, kamuwa da cuta na ORT, cututtukan jini na turkey, da wasu adenoviruses a matsayin wuraren fifiko. Bugu da ƙari, yana jaddada buƙatar ... Madadin colistin don sarrafa cututtukan da ke haifar da su E. coli, daidai da manufofin Turai don yin amfani da hankali na maganin ƙwayoyin cuta.
A bangaren shanuDaftarin aiki ya nuna ƙarancin magunguna na antiparasitic don cututtuka irin su theileriosis da neosporosis, da kuma buƙatar faɗaɗa kewayon magungunan da suka dace da wannan nau'in. Hakanan yana jaddada mahimmancin haɓakawa maganin rigakafi daga coccidia da nodular dermatosis mai yaduwabaya ga polyvalent alluran rigakafin da suka haɗa da serotypes waɗanda ba a rufe su da kyau a halin yanzu, kamar serotype 3.
El naman alade Wannan ya bayyana a matsayin lamari mai mahimmanci. CODI-VET yana ɗaukar fifiko don samun ci gaba a ciki Alurar rigakafin DIVA akan zazzabin alade na Afirka da zazzabin alade na gargajiyaAn kuma ambaci mahimman kayan aikin bambance dabbobin da aka yi wa alurar riga kafi da dabbobin da suka kamu da cutar. Bugu da ƙari, an lura da gibi a cikin mahimman maganin rigakafi da rigakafin rigakafi [cutar da ba a bayyana ba]. Brucella suis, streptococci, Ascaris suis da coronavirus da ke da alhakin cutar zawo a cikin alade.
A cikin kananan dabbobin daji (Tumaki da awaki), rahoton ya yi kira ga magungunan antiparasitic tare da tsararrun da suka fi dacewa da waÉ—annan nau'ikan, mafi yawan samun magungunan anticoccidial da antimicrobial don yanayin numfashi da haifuwa, da kuma maganin kumburi da aka yi la'akari da mahimmanci a cikin aikin yau da kullum. Ci gaban alluran rigakafi daga hadaddun cututtukan ovine na numfashi da kuma Mycoplasma ovipneumoniae, tare da polyvalent alluran rigakafi masu iya rufe mafi yawan adadin serotypes masu yawo.
Dabbobin daji da equines: ƙalubale don lafiyar jama'a da jin daɗin dabbobi
Rahoton CODI-VET ya keɓe takamaiman sashe ga nau'in dajiWannan rukuni, sau da yawa ba a manta da shi a dabarun haɓaka magungunan gargajiya, yana taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen yada cututtuka tsakanin namun daji, dabbobi, da mutane. Wannan ya nuna rashin... Magungunan kwantar da hankali da maganin sa barci masu dacewa da allurar telebijin, kayan aiki na asali don kamawa da kula da dabbobi a cikin aminci.
Har ila yau, an ba da haske game da ƙarancin magunguna na ciki da na waje da ake buƙata don sarrafa cututtukan da suka dace a cikin namun daji, da kuma buƙatar takamaiman allurai, misali, waɗanda ke da nufin sarrafa tarin fuka a cikin boar dajiWannan na ƙarshe yana da mahimmanci musamman a wuraren da boren daji ke aiki a matsayin tafki, wanda ke da tasiri kai tsaye ga kiwon shanu da lafiyar jama'a.
Amma ga equidsCODI-VET ta zayyana cikakken jerin mahimman magunguna waɗanda har yanzu ba a samu isassu ba a Spain. Waɗannan sun haɗa da magungunan kashe ƙwayoyin cuta masu faɗi, zaɓin anti-inflammatory, magunguna don cututtukan gastrointestinal, magungunan kashe jini, da magungunan kwantar da hankali waɗanda aka keɓance da bukatun dawakai da sauran equines.
Takardar ta kuma yi nuni da rashin samun magungunan kashe qwayoyin cuta don magance cututtuka irin su theileriosis a cikin dawakai, da kuma antineoplastics don Topical da kuma tsarin amfani don maganin ciwace-ciwacen fata da sauran neoplasms. Bugu da kari, akwai karancin alluran rigakafin kamuwa da cututtuka na musamman, irin su equine viral arteritis, wanda ya kasance abin damuwa a bangaren wasan doki.
Wannan haɗuwa da buƙatu a cikin namun daji da equines yana da tasiri ba kawai akan jin dadin dabbobi ba, har ma a kan rigakafin zoonoses da kuma cikin amincin mutane waɗanda ke aiki tare da waɗannan dabbobin, tun daga likitocin dabbobi zuwa ma'aikata a wuraren ajiya, gonaki da cibiyoyin ceto.
Matsayin CODI-VET don inganta wadatar magungunan dabbobi
Bayan jerin gazawar, rahoton ya tuna da dalilin wanzuwar Kwamitin Samar da Magungunan DabbobiCODI-VET ƙungiya ce ta haɗin gwiwa tsakanin AEMPS wacce babban manufarta ita ce don haɓakawa da sauƙaƙe samar da magungunan dabbobi a cikin duk waɗannan nau'ikan inda akwai gibin warkewa ko kuma, saboda ƙananan kasuwanni ne, babu isasshen sha'awar kasuwanci don haɓaka sabbin kayayyaki.
Don cimma wannan, kwamitin yana haɓaka nau'ikan ayyuka daban-daban: daga ganowa da fifikon buƙatuKamar yadda rahoton na shekara-shekara ya ba da cikakken bayani, wannan ya haɗa da goyon baya ga bincike, gwaji, da shirye-shiryen ci gaba don sababbin magunguna don cike waɗannan gibin. Hakanan yana haɓaka rajista da tallan samfuran a wuraren da, idan ba tare da wannan tallafin cibiyoyi ba, ba za su iya yin aiki ba.
Hakanan an tsara aikin CODI-VET a cikin dabarun Turai kan magungunan dabbobi, waɗanda ke neman daidaita alhakin amfani da magungunan kashe ƙwayoyin cuta, kare lafiyar dabbobi, da garantin samar da dabbobi masu dorewa. A cikin wannan mahallin, da therapeutic gibba a cikin magungunan dabbobi Ana kallon su ba kawai a matsayin matsalar lafiya ba, har ma da kalubalen tattalin arziki da lafiyar jama'a.
Dukkan rahotannin kwamitin, gami da waɗanda aka sadaukar don gibin warkewa da sauran buƙatun fifiko, ana iya tuntuɓar su a cikin sashen wallafe-wallafe na magungunan dabbobi akan gidan yanar gizon AEMPS. Daga can, ƙwararru da kamfanoni za su iya samun cikakken bayani game da kowane nau'i da yanki na warkewa, ta yin amfani da wannan bayanin azaman jagora don sanar da yanke shawara na fasaha da ayyukan ƙirƙira.
Hoton da CODI-VET ya zana ya nuna cewa, ko da yake an sami ci gaba wajen samar da jiyya ga nau'o'i da cututtuka masu yawa, Babban rashi yana ci gaba a kusan dukkanin ƙungiyoyin dabbobiMagance wadannan gibin da ake samu na jiyya na da muhimmanci wajen inganta lafiyar dabbobi da walwala, da karfafa kiyaye abinci, da rage hadarin kamuwa da cututtuka tsakanin dabbobi da mutane, don haka bayanan da rahoton ya bayar ya zama taswirar hanya mai amfani ga gwamnati da masana'antun sarrafa magunguna.